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1 GAP
n.1) gap, empty space;2) shouting, crying (háreysti ok gap).* * *n. [A. S. geap; Engl. gap; Dan. gab; cp. gapa], prop. a gap, empty space, whence Ginnunga-gap, the Chaos of the Scandin. mythol., Edda, Vsp.2. metaph. gab, gibes; óp ok gap, háreysti ok gap, Fb. iii. 425, cp. Nj. 220. gaps-maðr, m. a gaping fool, a gaby, Fbr. 12. -
2 gap-ripur
f. pl., or gap-riplar, m. pl. an απ. λεγ., for the reading vide Johnson. Nj. Lat. l. c., gaping, staring with open mouth, Nj. (in a verse). -
3 EK
I) pers. pron. I;in poetry and old prose a pronominal k is suffixed to the verb, emk = em ek, vask = vas ek; sák = sá ek; mundak = munda ek; even if preceded by ek: ek sék, ek sitk; a preceding g becomes by assimilation k, hykk = hygg ek; the pronominal k is inserted between the suffixed negative, -a or -at, and the verb, sáka = sá ek-a, I saw not; veitka = veit ek-a, I know not.* * *pers. pron., mod. eg, proncd. ég or jeg; eg occurs as early as in MSS. of the 15th century, Arna-Magn. 556 A; jak, Fms. x. 287, cp. the mod. Swed. form and the mod. Icel. jeg; old poets make it rhyme with ek, as, Halldórr ok ek | höfum engi þrek, Korm. 154 (in a verse), cp. Ld. 108: [Ulf. ïk, but ek on the Golden horn and on the stone in Tune; A. S. ic; Engl. I; Germ. ich; old Swed. jak, mod. jag; Dan. jeg; cp. Lat. ego, Gr. ἐγώ]:—I, Nj. 10, 30, 132, etc.2. in poetry and old prose a pronominal ‘k or ‘g is suffixed to the verb; em’k búinn annan í at nefna, Grág. i. 103; ek em’k, 623. 56, Blas. 41, Mork. 89, 94, 99, 104, Vþm. 8, Ls. 14, Ad. 1, Post. 645. 33; jók’k, ‘I eked’ ( added), Íb. (pref.); vas’k þar fjórtán vetr, ch. 9; þá er ek var’k á bænum, Blas. 40, Hm. 12; ek bað’k, Post. 645. 54; ek kom’k, Skm. 18; ek sit’k, Mork. 168; ek finn’k, 141; ek nam’k, 73; sá’k, 75; ek sé’k ( video), 103, 168, Fms. xi. 110; mun’k-at ek, Mork. 50; svá ek vind’k, Hm. 156; ok rít’k á þessa lund, Skálda (Thorodd) 166; sjá’k ( sim), Mork. 183: g before k becomes by assimilation k, e. g. hyk’k = hygg’k, Skm. 5: the pronominal k is inserted between the suffixed negative and the verb, ek skal’k-a, hef’k-a, mon’k-a, sa’k-a, ma’k-a, veit’k-a, or skal’k-a ek, hef’k-a ek, etc.: even a double k after a diphthong, siá’kk ( sim), Mork. 89, 134, but chiefly in poetry with the suffixed negative, e. g. ek sé’kk-a: this form is obsolete, whereas the suffixed g (or k) in bisyllables or after a vowel is more freq.; svá at ek fæ’k eigi leyzt mik, Edda 20; er ek vilda’g helzt, Fms. xi. 146; eigi munda’k trúa, Edda 32; ef ek lifi ok mega’k ráða, 34; þá hafða’k bundit með gresjarni, id.; sem önga frægð muna’k af hljóta, 20; sýnda’k bæði þeim ok Sæmundi, Íb. (pref.); þá er ek var heima heyrða’k sagt, Edda 81; er ek aeva kenni’g, Hm. 164; draums ætli’g þér, Hdl. 7; þorða’g, Ad. 1; ræka’g, mætta’g, Stor. 8; sky’t ek ok ræ’k (ræ’g, v. l.), Fms. vi. 170 (in a verse); líkara at ek vitja’g hingat þessa heita, Eg. 319; næða’k (or næða’g), if I could reach, Eb. 70 (in a verse); at ek nemni þá menn alla ok beiði’g, Grág. ii. 317; vilja’k, I will, Ht. 1; þvíat ek ætla’g, Ó. H. 59; ok náða’k svá öllu ríki þeirra, 74; þvíat ek trúi’k yðr bezt, 88; ek setta’k, Mork. 62; flytta’k, 94; geri’k, heyrða’k, 36; mæli’g, 39; ek vetti’g, 175; tefli’g, 186; setta’g, lagða’g, id.; vilda’g, 193; vide Lex. Poët. and the word ‘-at’ [p. 2]: sometimes a double pronoun occurs, g and k, mátti’g-a’k, Og. 32; bjargi’g-a’k, Hm. 153; stöðvi’g-a’k, 151; hversu ek má’k, Fms. vi. 102; vide Lex. Poët. and Frump. 228 sqq.B. DAT. AND ACC. are from a different root:—dat. mér, [Ulf. mis; Germ. mir; lost in Dan.], Nj. 10, etc. etc.; acc. mik, mod. mig, which form occurs even in MSS. at the beginning of the 14th century, e. g. Hauks-bók: mek occurs now and then in MSS., e. g. O. H. L., N. G. L., Sks. B, else it is rare and obsolete, Al. 42, Ó. H. 107, [Ulf. mik; A. S. mec; Engl. me; Germ. mich; Dan. mig.] As the word is so common, we shall only mention the use of mik which is special to the Scandinavian tongue, viz. its use as a verbal suffix. The ancients had a double form for the reflexive; for 1st pers. -mk, i. e. mik suffixed to the plur. of the verb; for the 3rd pers. -sk, i. e. sik suffixed to sing. and plur. alike; thus, ek (vér) þykkjumk, I (we) seem to myself ( ourselves); but hann þykkisk, he seems to himself; þeir þykkjask, they seem to themselves: the -mk was later changed into -mz, or - mst of editions and mod. use; but this is a grammatical decay, as if both - mst and -st (þykjumst and þykist) arose from the same reflex. sik.1. the subject may be another person or thing (plur. or sing.) and the personal pronoun mik suffixed as object to the verb, a kind of middle voice found in very old poems, and where it occurs freq. it is a test of antiquity; in prose it is quite obsolete: jötna vegir stóðum’k yfir ok undir, the ways of giants (i. e. precipices) stood above and beneath me, Hm. 106; er lögðum’k arm yfir, the lass who laid her arms round me, 108; mögr hétum’k fögru, my son promised me fair, Egil; hilmir buðum’k löð (acc.), the king gave me leave, i. e. bade me, sing, Höfuðl. 2; úlfs bagi gáfum’k íþrótt, the wolf’s foe ( Odin) gave me the art ( poetry), Stor. 23; Ragnarr gáfum’k reiðar mána, R. gave me the shield, Bragi; þat erum’k sýnt, it is shewn to me, id.; stöndum’k ilmr fyrir yndi, the lass blights my joy, Kormak; hugr tjáðum’k, courage helped me, Egil; snertum’k harmr við hjarta, grief touches me to the heart, Landn.; stöndum’k til hjarta hjörr, the sword pierces me to the heart, Fm. i; feldr brennum’k, my cloak catches fire, Gm. 1; draum dreymðum’k, I dreamed a dream; grimt várum’k hlið, the gap ( breach) was terrible to me, Stor. 6; hálf ván féllum’k, half my hope failed me, Gráfeldar-drápa; heiðnir rekkar hnekðum’k, the heathen men turned me out, Sighvat; dísir hvöttum’k at, the ‘dísir’ hooted us, Hðm. 29; gumi görðum’k at vigi, the man made us fight, id.; lyst várum’k, it list me, Am. 74: very common is erum’k, ‘tis to me (us); erum’k van, I (we) have to expect; mjök erum’k tregt tungu at hræra, ‘tis hard for me to move the tongue, i. e. the tongue cleaves to my mouth, Stor. 1, 17, Ad. 16.2. sometimes oneself is the subject, freq. in prose and poetry, either in deponent verbs or as reflex. or recipr.; at vit skilim’k sáttir, Ó. H. 119; at vér komim’k, that we shall come, 85; finnum’k hér þá, 108; ef vér finnum’k, 111; ek skildum’k við Ólaf konung, 126; ef ek komum’k í braut, 140; sigrom’k, if I gain the victory, 206; æðrom’k, 214; ef ek öndum’k, if I die, Eg. 127; ek berum’k, I bear myself, Grág. ii. 57, Mork. passim; ek þykkjum’k, þóttum’k, ráðum’k, látum’k, setjum’k, bjóðum’k, skildum’k, kveljum’k, etc., = ek þykisk, þóttisk, ræðsk, lætsk, setsk, býðsk, skildisk, kvelsk, etc.: even at the present day the forms eg þykjumst, þóttumst are often used in writing; in other words the suffix - mst (-mk) is almost obsolete.β. the obsolete interjection er mik = I am; vel er mik, well is me (= ‘bless me!’), O. H. L. 71; æ er mik, ah me! 64; kendr er mik, I am known, 66: with a reflex. notion, hvat er mik at því, what is that to me? Skv. 1. 28; er mik þat undir frétt þeirri, that is my reason for asking, Grág. i. 19:—this ‘er mik’ is clearly the remains of the old erum’k.C. DUAL AND PLUR. also from a different root:1. dual vit, mod. við, a Norse form mit also occurs, Al. 170, 171, [cp. mi, Ivar Aasen]:—we two; gen. and dat. from a different root, okkar and okkr, [cp. Goth. ïggqis; A. S. inc and incer; O. H. G. inch and inchar; Ivar Aasen dikke and dykk]:—our.2. plur.:α. nom. vér and vær, the last form now obsolete, [Goth. veis; A. S. and Engl. we; Germ. wir; Dan. vi]:—we.β. gen. vár, mod. vor, Eg. 524, Fms. viii. 213, 398, etc.γ. dat. and acc. oss, [Goth. uns (acc.), unsis (dat.); A. S. us; Germ. uns; Swed. oss; Dan. os]:—us: it need only be noticed that in mod. familiar usage the dual—við, okkr, okkar—has taken the place of the plural, vér, oss; but that in written books the forms vér, oss are still in freq. use, except in light or familiar style; old writers, on the other hand, made a clear distinction both in speech and writing. -
4 GINN-
or perhaps better gínn-, [cp. A. S. gin or ginn = vast, wide; it seems however better to derive it from the verb beginnan, Engl. begin, a word used in all Teutonic languages, except the old Scandinavian tongue, where it is unknown, unless in this mythological prefix]:—only used as a prefix:I. in old mythol. words, great, holy: ginn-heilög (adj. pl.) goð, the most holy gods, the supreme gods, as opposed to Asir and Vanir, the lower gods, Vsp. passim: ginn-regin, n. pl. ‘magna numina,’ Hm. 143, Haustl. 13, in the same sense as ginnheilög goð in Vsp.; in Hým. 4 opp. to tívar ( dii); in Alm. goð and ginnregin are distinguished, cp. also Hm. 79: ginnungar, m. pl., seems used in the same sense as ginnregin, whence Ginnunga-gap, n. chaos, the formless void, in which abode the supreme powers, before the creation, Edda, Vsp.: later, in the 11th century, the sea between Greenland and America was called Ginnunga-gap, A. A. 295: Ginnunga-himin, m. of the heavenly vault of Ginnunga-gap, Edda 5: Ginnunga-vé, n. pl. the holy places of the Ginnungar, the universe, Haustl. 15: Ginnarr (Ginnir), m., is a name of Odin, prop. = aetherius, and also used of the eagle, the falcon.II. in an intensive sense only in poets; ginn-viti, a, m. a large fire, Sighvat; perhaps also we may read, Vkv. 5, ginn-fasti, a, m. a great fire in a smithy, for gim fasti. -
5 HÖGG
* * *(dat. höggvi), n.1) stroke, blow; ljósta h. á dyrr, to knock at the door; skamma stund verðr hönd höggvi fegin, only a short while is the hand fain of the blow; eigi fellr tré við hit fyrsta h., no tree falls at the first stroke;2) beheading, execution (leiða e-n til höggs);3) fig. gap, breach (kom þá fljótt h. í liðit).* * *n., old dat. höggvi, Ó. H. 184, Fms. vii. 230, Nj. passim; gen. pl. höggva; [Shetl. huggie; Scot. hag; Dan. hug; Swed. hugg; cp. the verb höggva]:—a stroke, blow, esp. a stroke with an edged weapon, but also with a blunt one, Fms. vii. 191, 230, 297; laust hann selinn í svíma et fyrsta högg, Bs. i. 342; ljósta högg á dyr, to knock, Fs. 131, Nj. 28; í einu höggvi, of throwing a stone, Edda 72; högg loptsins, Skálda 174: sayings, skamma stund verðr hönd höggvi fegin, Nj. 64, 155, 213; eigi fellr tré við it fyrsta högg, Nj. 163, 224; eiga í höggvi við e-n, to have a quarrel, come to blows with a person; það sér ekki högg á vatni, a stroke in water is not seen, leaves no mark, of efforts without effect.2. slaughter, a beheading; leiddr til höggs, Grett. 85, Karl. 518, Clem. 58; dæma e-n til höggs, Blas. 49; slaughter of cattle, yxn er hann ætlaði til höggs, Eg. 181; strand-högg, q. v.3. a hewing down of trees, Dan. hugst, Grág. ii. 297; skógar-högg, 292; högg ok höfn, D. N.: a gap, kom þá skjótt högg í liðit, Fms. ix. 305.4. of an instrument; þela-högg, q. v.; saum-högg, q. v.; fjal-högg, a chopping-block.5. a ravine or a cut-like gap in a mountain. höggva-skipti, -viðskipti, n. exchange of blows, Fms. i. 38, v. 165, Eg. 581, Korm. 212, Fs. 48. -
6 HLIÐ
I)n.1) gate, gateway (h. heitir á garði);2) wide gap;3) space, interval (var hvergi h. í milli);4) space of time; pause, halt (eptir þat varð h. á orrostunni).(pl. -ar), f. side; standa á aðra h. e-m, to stand on one side of one; á tvær hliðar e-m, on either side of one; á allar hliðar, on all sides.* * *1.f., pl. hliðar (hliðu dat. obsolete, Gm. 35):—a side, Lat. latus; standa á hlið e-m, to stand beside one, Stor.; komask á hlið e-m, Nj. 262; á hlið hvára, on each side, Rm. 5; á aðra hlið, at one’s other side, Ísl. ii. 363, Ad. 10; á báðar hliðar, á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fb. ii. 351; á vinstri hlið, on the left hand, Eg. 213, Fms. i. 16; á hægri hlið, on the right hand; snúask á hlið, to turn oneself (in sleep), Fs. 6; skjöldr, sverð á hlið, Gullþ. 64; á allar hliðar, on all sides; veltask á ymsar hliðar, to toss to and fro, Bs. ii. 171, Od. xx. 24; leggja e-t fyrir hlið, to lay beside, Al. 151.2.n. [A. S. hlið; O. H. G. hlit; Dan. led; root no doubt akin to Gr. κλείς, etc.]:—a gate, gateway; hlið á garði ok hjarra-grind fyrir, Grág. ii. 264, Fsm, 10, 44, Rb. 380, Edda 110, Eg. 244, Fms. i. 104, v. 331, passim.2. a wide gap, Stor. 6, Fms. i. 105, Gþl. 391, N. G. L. i. 344, Orkn. 350, Sks. 398: in law a gap in a fence not above sixty feet long was hlið, if more it was a breach (bálka-brot), Gþl. 391.II. metaph. a space, interval (= bil); hann hafði fyrr við brugðit svá at hlið var í milli þeirra, Fms. vii. 171; þeir görðu hlið í millum skipanna, Nj. 42; ok var hvergi hlið í milli, Ld. 96; hann ríðr fyrst þeirra ok nokkuru harðara svá at hlið var á millum þeirra, Ísl. ii. 360; hús ok hlið í milli ok heima-dyranna, Fs. 42; horfði hann á hliðit ( the empty space) þar sem skjöldrinn hafði hangit, Fas. iii. 42; ok nú varð enn á hlið mjök langt, Fms. ii. 302, x. 346: temp., síðan varð á lið (a halt) nokkvot, 345; eptir þat varð hlið (a stop, halt) á orrostunni, vii. 289; hvíldar hlið, Fb. iii. 567 (in a verse). -
7 SKARÐ
n.1) notch, hack, in the edge of a thing (skörð vóru fallin í sverðit); s. í vörr, a hare-lip;2) empty space, breach, gap (höggva s. í ætt e-s);3) mountain pass.* * *n. [A. S. sceard; Engl. shard; Germ. scharte; Dan. skaard]:—a notch, chink in the edge of a thing; skörð vöru fallin í sverðit, Fs. 62; þá beit Egill skarð ór horninu, Eg. 605; skarð í vör, a hare-lip, Fms. x. 88; skarð í vör Skíða, Sd.: of the moon, hvel á tungli er nær sólu, en skarð firr, Rb. 452 (skarðr máni); leysi af með skinni, eðr leysi skarð ór skinni, Gþl. 448.2. an empty, open place, in a rank or a row; skarð fyrir skildi (see skjöldr), Fas. iii. 42, 43; betra er oss skarð ok missa í flota Ólafs, Hkr. i. 334; nú ef skörð verða á, þá skal ármaðr þau skörð bæta, N. G. L. i. 101; skarð í ætt e-s, Fs. 6; höggva skarð í ætt e-s, Eg. 475 (metaphor from a fence); var nú úhægt at verja þat skarð er þessir höfðu staðit, Fms. x. 361; en ef þeir synja þér manntals, þá máttú telja skörð (loss of right, deficiency) á hendr þeim, N. G. L. i. 98; ef skríða skal í þat skarð sem Ormr reytti af þér, Ölk. 36.3. [cp. Cumbrian Scarf-gap], a mountain pass, Ölk. 37; vestr yfir skörðin, Fs. 41; austr um skörð, Skíða R.; hamra-skarð, fjall-skarð, q. v.: freq. in local names, Skarð, Skörð; Skarð-verjar, m. pl. the men from Skarð, Sturl. i. 199; Skarða-leið, the way through the Skörð, iii. 15; Skarðs-heiðr, Skarð-strönd, Vatnsdals-skarð, Ljósavatns-skarð, Haukadals-skarð, Kerlingar-skarð, Geita-skarð, Landn., map of Icel. skarða-lauss, adj. whole, undiminisbed, D. N. -
8 SKJÖLDR
(gen. skjaldar, dat. skildi; pl. skildir, acc. skjöldu), m. shield;hafa e-n at skildi fyrir sér, to have another as a shield before one;bera efra (hærra) skjöld, to have the best of it, to gain the day;þjóna undir þann skjöld, to serve under that standard;leika tveim skjöldum, to play a double game;koma í opna skjöldu, to attack in flank (from the left);skjóta skildi yfir e-n, to protect one.* * *m., gen. skjaldar, dat. skildi; an old dat. in poets skjaldi,—hj aldrs á mínum skj aldi, Eb. 27 new Ed. (in a verse); h aldorð í bug skj aldi, Fms. vi. (in a verse); h aldir fast ok skj aldi, Kormak: plur. skildir; acc. skjöldu, mod. skildi: [Ulf. skildus = θυρεός, Ephes. vi. 16; Dan. skjold; Swed. sköld; common to all Teut. languages: it is commonly derived from skjól, shelter, although the short root vowel and the final d of skild speak against this: ‘skillingr’ or ‘skildingr’ ( a shilling) may be a derivative from ‘skildus,’ from the shape, and from the painted or scratched ‘ring’ on the shields; see below: in fact, an old poet (Bragi) calls the shield ‘the penny of the hall of Odin.’]A. A shield, the generic name; the special names are, rönd, rít, baugr, targa, lind; þeir höfðu ekki langa skjöldu, Fas. i. 379; góðan skjöld ok þjökkan á hálsi, Sks. 407; skjöld á hlið, Bjarn. 62, and so in countless instances.II. special phrases; halda skildi fyrir e-m (e-n), to hold one’s shield, as a second in a holmganga, Glúm. 332, Korm. 88; or, fyrir e-n, Ísl. ii. 257; era héra at borgnara þótt hæna beri skjöld, Fms. vii. 116: hafa e-n at skildi, to have another as one’s shield, i. e. seek shelter behind him, Nj. 8; bera efra skjöld, to carry the highest shield, gain the day, Fas. i. 383, Fms. x. 394: þjóna undir þann skjöld, to serve under that shield, that standard, vii. 293; þjóna undir sama skjöld, viii. 109: binda öllum jafnan skjöld, to tie the same shield to all, treat all in one fashion (metaphor from a withy-shield?), Clem. 44: leika tveim skjöldum, to play with two shields, play a double game (metaphor from the red and white shields, see B), Am. 70, Hkr. i. (in a verse): koma í opna skjöldu, to fall into the open (hollow) shield, to attack in flank ( from the left), Fms. vi. 408, Stj. 365, Eg. 295, Fb. ii. 123; rennir sá maðr í kirkjugarð, ok sækir þingat skjöld, and seeks protection there, N. G. L. i. 352; múrr ok skjöldr, Mar.III. of any shield-formed thing; tólgar-s., a round piece of tallow; also of shield-like spots on cattle or whales: of a white tablet in churches, Vm. 142, 162, 168, Ám. 55, Pm. 17: brjóst-skjöldr, a round brooch.IV. a pr. name, Nj., Hkr. (of the son of Odin, the ancestor of the Danish kings); Skjöldungar, Edda; Skjöldr Skánunga goð, Fb. iii. 246.COMPDS: skjaldarband, skjaldarbukl, skjaldarfetill, skjaldarjötunn, skjaldarrönd, skjaldarskirfl, skjaldarsporðr.B. Remarks on the shield.—A shield was raised as a signal in time of war; a red shield betokened war (rauðr skjöldr, her-skjöldr), a white shield peace (hvítr skjöldr, friðar-skjöldr, a peace-shield); in a battle the red shield was hoisted, Hkv. 1. 33; but, bregða upp friðar skildi, to hoist the (white) shield of peace, was a sign that the battle was to cease; hann lét skjóta upp skildi hvítum, Fagrsk. 6l, Fms. vii. 23; hence also the phrase, bera herskjöld, or, fara herskildi, to harry, overrun a land with the ‘war shield,’ see frið-skjöldr and her-skjöldr (s. v. herr). War ships were lined from stem to stern with a wall of shields,—skip skarat skjöldum, or skjaldat skip; hann kom í Bjarnar-fjörð með al-skjölduðu skipi, síðan var hann Skjaldar-Björn kallaðr, Landn. 156. The halls of the ancients were hung all round with a row of shields, Gm. 9, Edda 2, Eg. 43, see the curious story in Fas. iii. 42. For the shield-wall in battles see skjald-borg. Ancient sayings; nú er skarð fyrir skildi, now there is a gap for a shield, a breach in the fence, of a heavy loss, such as the death of a person, nú er skarð fyrir skildi, nú er svanrinn nár á Tjörn, Jón Þorl.; höggva skarð í skildi e-s, to cut a notch in one’s shield, inflict a severe blow, Orkn. (in a verse). Shields were furnished with a painted or carved ‘ring’ representing mythological or heroic subjects; these rings are the earliest works of Northern art on record, hence come the names rít, baugr, rönd, of which rít points to scratching (whereas Bragi used ‘fá’ = to paint); rauðum skildi, rönd var ór gulli, Hkv. 1. 33. Such shields were a lordly gift, and gave rise to several ancient poems treating of the subjects carved or painted on the shield, such as the famous Haust-löng by Thjodolf, the Ragnars-kviða by Bragi, the two Beru-drápur (Shield-songs) by Egill; these ‘shield-lays’ were afterwards the sources of the writer of the Edda, but only a few fragments are preserved; (cp. the Greek lay on ‘the shield of Heracles,’ and the lay on Achilles’ shield in the Iliad.) -
9 HLÍÐ
I)n.1) gate, gateway (h. heitir á garði);2) wide gap;3) space, interval (var hvergi h. í milli);4) space of time; pause, halt (eptir þat varð h. á orrostunni).(pl. -ar), f. side; standa á aðra h. e-m, to stand on one side of one; á tvær hliðar e-m, on either side of one; á allar hliðar, on all sides.* * *f., in mod. usage pl. hlíðar, but hlíðir in old writers, e. g. Landn. 224, Fms. vi. 197 (in a verse), Hkv. 1. 43, Sighvat: [A. S. hlîð; Norse li; lost in Dan.; cp. Lat. clivus; akin to Gr. and Lat. κλίνω, clino]:—a slope, mountain side, Edda 110; svá at sær var í miðjum hlíðum eða stundum vatnaði land, Ó. H. 149, Landn. 25, v. l.; út með hlíðum, Gullþ. 68; fjalls-hlið, a fell-side, q, v.; fagrar hlíðir grasi vaxnar, Grett. 137; ek mun ríða inn með hlíðinni, Glúm. 361, 362; út með hlíðinni, upp í miðjar hlíðar, etc., passim: hlíðar-brún, f. the edge of a h.: hlíðar-fótr, m. the foot of a h.: hlíðar-garðr, m. a fence on a fell-side dividing the pastures of two farms, Dipl. v. 25.II. local names; Fljóts-hlíð and Hlíð, Landn. passim; Norse Lier, Lie, Landn., Nj.: Hlíðar-sól, f. sun of the Hlíð, nickname of a fair lady, Landn.: Hlíðar-menn or Hlíð-menn, m. pl. the men from Hlíð, Landn.III. freq., in poët. circumlocutions, of a woman; hringa-hlíð, falda-h., bauga-h., and then in dat. and acc. hlíði, e. g. falda hlíði, vella hlíði (feminae), Skáld H. 5. 24, and in a mod. ditty; héðan ekki fer eg fet | frá þér silki-hlíði. -
10 eyða
(-dda, -ddr), v.1) to make empty (auðr), clear of, deprive of its contents (eyða allan fjörðinn bæði at mönnum ok fé); eyða bygð (bœi ok borgir, heröð), to desolate, lay waste;2) to desert, depart from (féllu sumir, en sumir eyddu hálfrýmin); eyða veizluna, to break up the feast; eyða þing, to dissolve the meeting;3) to do away with, destroy, with dat. (eyddi eldr konum ok börnum);4) to spend, squander (eyða fé, peningum);5) to render void in law, annul, with acc. or dat. (eyða vígsmál or vígsmálum);6) refl., eyðast, to come to nought; eyddist erfisgørðin fyrir honum, he let the funeral feast drop.* * *u, f. [auðr], a gap, lacuna, in a book, (mod.) -
11 gapa
* * *(-ta, -at), v. to gape, open the mouth wide.* * *pret. gapði, Edda 20, Mart. 118; and gapti, pres. gapi, Bs. i. 647; sup. gapat, imperat. gapi, Skm. 28: [Dan. gabe; Germ. gaffen]:—to gape, open the mouth wide, Edda l. c.; með gapanda munn, of a wolf, 41, Fms. iv. 57; með gapandi höfðum, Þórð. 94 new Ed. -
12 GRIMMR
a.2) wroth; svá var hón grimm orðin Brjáni konungri, at, she hated him so much, that.* * *adj. [A. S., Engl., and Hel. grim; Dan. grim = ugly; in old Icel. writers this word implies the notion of ferocity, sternness, wrath, but not of wanton cruelty, and seldom of ugliness as in Engl., Dan., etc.]:—grim, stern, horrible, dire, sore; grimmt er fall frænda at telja, ‘tis grim to tell of a kinsman’s death, Stor. 10; grimt várumk hlið, a sore gap it was to me, 6; gráta grimmum tárum, to weep grim, bitter tears, Hkv. 2. 43; fimm grimmar nætr five grim, miserable nights, Korm. 184 (in a verse); grimm orð, lamentation, Gh. 1; hugðak mér grimt í svefni, I had a fearful dream, Bkv. 16.2. stern, savage, Lat. ferox; hón var allra kvenna grimmust ok skaphörðust, Nj. 147; ákafa-maðr mikill í skapi, grimmr, úþýðr ok fátálr, Fms. i. 19; glaðmælt, undirhyggju-maðr mikill, ok hin grimmasta, 20; fyllask ens grimmasta hugar, to be filled with rage, 623. 25; g. híðbjörn, a grim bear, Grett. 100.3. with dat. wroth; svá var hón orðin grimm Brjáni konungi, at …, she hated him so much, that …, Nj. 269; hence in poët. phrases, baugum, vellum grimmr, fé-grimmr, hodd-g., hating, wasting gold, munificent, Lex. Poët.: neut., með grimmü, grimly, Fms. ii. 9; gjalda e-t grimmu, to take grim revenge, 223.II. metaph.,1. with the notion of ugly, hideous; ljótt andlit ok grimmt ok andstygt mannligu kyni, Sks. 539, (rare.)2. piercing, of cold; svá sem kalt stóð af Niflheimi ok allir hlutir grimmir, Edda 4. -
13 fjall-skarð
n. a gap in the fell, mountain-pass, Krók. 64. -
14 ginnungahiminn
m. the heaven over ginnunga-gap.
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